Volume I, Issue 1 (2025)

Integrating Artificial Intelligence in
Judicial System of India :

ImplicationS and Challenges of Algorithmic Bias

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Author – Pallav, JRF (&) Ph.D. Scholar, The West Bengal National University of Juridical Sciences (WBNUJS), Kolkata

Co-author – Pallavi, Research Scholar, Central University of South Bihar (CUSB), Gaya

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Month, Year of Publication – February, 2025

Abstract

The transformative role of Artificial intelligence in different sectors has also called for its extension into the judicial system. The socio-legal impact of AI integration with the judicial system is rather complex and vital than the other sectors. Pressing demands and the need to overhaul the judicial system require extensive research to unfold the aspects and implications of AI integration into the judicial system. This research paper endeavours to analyse the insinuations of AI on the fundamental principles of equality and fairness of the judicial process, including the independence of judges’ discretionary power. The study diverges the integration into heads of administrative application, legal research and judicial decision-making for coherence. The authors deploy methods of illustrative studies and critical analysis of the positioning of Al in the judicial system by other nation-states to brace their arguments. The paper concludes with caution about the implications of AI integration in judicial decision-making and further promotes prior thorough policy research based on inputs from the stakeholders.

keywords

artificial intelligence, discrimination, judiciary, bias, equality

I. Introduction

Almost every sector, whether it is education, administration, trade, commerce, or any other, has been coloured by the unparalleled technological advancement in the form of artificial intelligence (AI). The legal sector, which is usually hesitant to adopt technological booms, has, on the contrary, engaged in integrating AI into the legal system in different modes. Before we delve into the nuances of AI in the legal sector, we must clarify the definitional aspect of AI for the paper. It is an accepted principle that attaining definition accuracy is rare, However, for purpose of this paper, AI can be defined as a machine’s capacity to perform cognitive tasks that are typically performed by humans, such as perception, reasoning, learning, interacting with the environment, solving problems, and even artistic expression.¹ Further advances in AI technology include generative AI, the term ‘generative AI‘ or ‘gen AI‘, describes deep learning models that can produce sophisticated original material in response to user prompts or requests. Examples of this type of content include long-form text, excellent graphics, realistic video or audio, and more.² Al has a variety of roles and applications, like the ability to be descriptive, which explains what happened; diagnostic, which explains why a situation has occurred; predictive, which forecasts what will occur (statistically); and prescriptive, which can carry out actual decision-making and execution.³

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Cite as

Pallav, Pallavi. “Integrating Artificial Intelligence in Judicial System in India : Implications and Challenges of Algorithmic Bias” International Journal of Legal Policy, Vol.1(1) 15-30 (2025)